|
Media in the San Francisco Bay Area refers to media produced and covered within the San Francisco Bay Area, historically focused on San Francisco, but with two other major media centers, Oakland and San Jose. The Bay Area is a technologically advanced and innovative region, with many Internet websites based in the area, including social networking giant Facebook and the largest search engine site Google. The region also hosts to one of the oldest radio stations in the United States still in existence, KCBS (AM) (740 kHz), founded by engineer Charles Herrold in 1909. ==Print== The first newspaper published by Americans in California was ''The Californian'', printed in Monterey in 1846 announcing the Mexican American War, written half in English and half Spanish. The press was moved to San Francisco and printing started up again on May 22, 1847 in competition with the weekly ''California Star'', beginning that January. The first newspaper published solely in English in San Francisco was ''The Star'' published by Mormon pioneer Sam Brannan before San Francisco was renamed from Yerba Buena in 1847. Both efforts suspended publication in the face of the California Gold Rush. By August, ''The Californian'' had resumed publication, but by November 1848, both papers were bought and merged, then renamed the ''Alta California''. The press that once printed ''The Californian'' was moved to the Sacramento area to be used on the ''Placer Times''. The press was again moved and began publishing the Motherlode's first paper, the ''Sonora Herald'', then taken to Columbia to print the ''Columbia Star''. Within a few years of the discovery of gold, mother lode towns all had multiple competing journals. Before 1860, California had 57 newspapers and periodicals serving an average readership of 290,000. James King of William began publishing the ''Daily Evening Bulletin'' in San Francisco in October, 1855 and built it into the highest circulation paper in the city. He criticized a city supervisor named James P. Casey, who, on the afternoon of the story about him, ran in the paper, shot and mortally wounded King. Casey was lynched by the early vigilante committee. The ''Morning Call'' was established and began publishing in December 1856, and later merged with the ''Bulletin'' to become the long-running ''Call-Bulletin''. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' debuted in June, 1865 as the ''Dramatic Chronicle'', founded by Charles and M.H. de Young aged 19 and 17. In 1887, young William Randolph Hearst took over his father's ''Daily Examiner'', which became the flagship of his national chain. Fremont Older became editor of the ''San Francisco Bulletin'' in 1895 and took up the struggle against the powerful Southern Pacific Railroad and along with fellow Californian Lincoln Steffens, became a well-known muckraker and the first objective observer to accuse District Attorney Charles Fickert of the framing of labor radical Thomas Mooney. The oldest African-American newspaper, still active in the 1930s, was the ''California Eagle''. It appeared first in Los Angeles in 1879. The first French journals, the ''Californien'' and the ''Gazette Republicane'' both began in 1850, and were followed by the ''Courrier du Pacifique'' in 1852. Both the first German and first Italian papers, the ''California Demokrat'' (1852) and the ''Voce del Popolo'' (1859) were founded in San Francisco and had long runs. Chinese in California have published many newspapers, the first being the ''Gold Hills News'' in 1854. Noted journalists, writers, cartoonists and publishers have passed through San Francisco's media world, including: * Herbert Asbury * Gertrude Atherton * Ambrose Bierce * Winifred Bonfils * John Bruce * Bruce Brugmann * Gelett Burgess * Herb Caen * William Martin Camp * Phil Elwood * C.H. Garrigues * Henry George * Harold Gilliam * Rube Goldberg * Bret Harte * William Randolph Hearst * Warren Hinkle * Art Hoppe * Wallace Irwin * Will Irwin * Harry Jupiter * James King of William * Jack London * Charles McCabe * Joaquin Miller * Prentice Mulford * Fremont Older * Randy Shilts * Charles Warren Stoddard * Mark Twain * John Wasserman By the early decades of the 20th century, San Francisco supported four major dailies and numerous influential weeklies. The dailies were the ''San Francisco Call'' (later ''Call-Bulletin''), the ''San Francisco Examiner'', the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' and the ''Scripps-Howard'', the ''Daily News''. The weeklies included the ''Wasp'', the ''ARGONAUT'', the ''Labor Clarion'', the ''Coast Seamen's Journal'', ''Emanu-el'', ''Liberator'' and the ''News Letter''. Today, several newspapers, covering community, regional, national, and international news, and community-specific papers, catering to niche markets and individual neighborhoods, are in circulation in the San Francisco Bay Area. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Media in the San Francisco Bay Area」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|